The VARK Questionnaire Essay Example for Free

The VARK Questionnaire Essay Choose the answer which best explains your preference by placing a check on the squares next to the choices. You may have two answers per item if a single answer does not match your perception. Leave blank any question that does not apply. A group of tourists want to learn about the parks or wildlife reserves in your area. You would: give them a book or pamphlets about the parks or wildlife reserves. talk about, or arrange a talk for them about parks or wildlife reserves. take them to a park or wildlife reserve and walk with them. show them internet pictures, photographs or picture books. You have to make an important speech at a conference or special occasion. You would: gather many examples and stories to make the talk real and practical. write out your speech and learn from reading it over several times. write a few key words and practice saying your speech over and over. make diagrams or get graphs to help explain things. You want to learn a new program, skill or game on a computer. You would: use the controls or keyboard. follow the diagrams in the book that came with it. read the written instructions that came with the program. talk with people who know about the program. You have finished a competition or test and would like some feedback. You would like to have feedback: using examples from what you have done. using a written description of your results. from somebody who talks it through with you. using graphs showing what you had achieved. Do you prefer a teacher or a presenter who uses: demonstrations, models or practical sessions. question and answer, talk, group discussion, or guest speakers. handouts, books, or readings. diagrams, charts or graphs. You are helping someone who wants to go to your airport, town centre or railway station. You would: write down the directions (without a map). go with her. draw, or give her a map. tell her the directions. I like websites that have: audio channels where I can hear music, radio programs or interviews. things I can click on, shift or try. interesting written descriptions, lists and explanations. interesting design and visual features. You are planning a holiday for a group. You want some feedback from them about the plan. You would: phone, text or email them. use a map or website to show them the places. describe some of the highlights. give them a copy of the printed itinerary. You are going to choose food at a restaurant or cafe. You would: listen to the waiter or ask friends to recommend choices. choose from the descriptions in the menu. choose something that you have had there before. look at what others are eating or look at pictures of each dish. You are about to purchase a digital camera or mobile phone. Other than price, what would most influence your decision? Trying or testing it The salesperson telling me about its features. It is a modern design and looks good. Reading the details about its features. You are going to cook something as a special treat for your family. You would: use a cookbook where you know there is a good recipe. ask friends for suggestions. cook something you know without the need for instructions. look through the cookbook for ideas from the pictures. Other than price, what would most influence your decision to buy a new non-fiction book? It has real-life stories, experiences and examples. Quickly reading parts of it. A friend talks about it and recommends it. The way it looks is appealing. Remember a time when you learned how to do something new. Try to avoid choosing a physical skill, eg. riding a bike. You learned best by: watching a demonstration. diagrams and charts visual clues. written instructions – e.g. a manual or textbook. listening to somebody explaining it and asking questions. You are not sure whether a word should be spelled `dependent or `dependant. You would: find it in a dictionary. write both words on paper and choose one. see the words in your mind and choose by the way they look. think about how each word sounds and choose one. You have a problem with your knee. You would prefer that the doctor: used a plastic model of a knee to show what was wrong. gave you a web address or something to read about it. described what was wrong. showed you a diagram of what was wrong. You are using a book, CD or website to learn how to take photos with your new digital camera. You would like to have: diagrams showing the camera and what each part does. a chance to ask questions and talk about the camera and its features. clear written instructions with lists and bullet points about what to do. many examples of good and poor photos and how to improve them. Please fill in this form so that your results can be included in our research Are you     male or     female? Are you: 18 or younger, 19 to 25, 26 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 or over? Where do you live? USA, Canada, UK, Europe, Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, Middle East Is this the first time you have filled in the VARK questionnaire? Yes, this is the first time, No, I have filled it in previously Which of the following best matches your perception of your VARK results? That looks just like me Im not much like that Im not sure Are you involved in education (as a faculty member or as a student)?   yes     Ã‚  no Are you a: student? teacher? Which level of education are you involved at? High school Two-Year College Four-Year College University Other What is your main area of study? Humanities Social Sciences Science Applied Science Business Education Performing Arts Other This questionnaire critique is an evaluation of the VARK questionnaire which measures the learning preferences of individuals. VARK stands for the four types of learning preferences which are visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic. The questionnaire is geared towards determining how individual take in and give out information in the learning context. It is not similar to learning styles but is a necessary component of the learning style of an individual. The questionnaire contains 16 items only with four choices per item. The four choices correspond to the four different learning preferences (visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic). The questionnaire is designed to identify which learning preference category the individual highly favors based on his/her responses on the 16 items. The questionnaire is online; therefore it is accessible to a wider range of individuals.   The sampling of respondents is not limited to a certain group since it is online and anyone who comes across the website can take the questionnaire. Moreover, the distribution of the questionnaire occurs only if the questionnaire used was the printed version, but if the online questionnaire is used, it only waits for people to complete the survey. The collection of the data or the responses is automated, it is already programmed and this is added to the database of responses which have been used to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The demographic data is then asked after the taker has completed answering the questionnaire. The demographic questions include gender, age, location, status and field of expertise. The demographic data are then used in the research conducted by the authors of the VARK. The demographical details required in the questionnaire are standard and usually the most commonly asked in questionnaires. The VARK questionnaire was designed appropriately; the questionnaire is short and yet contains all the information needed to make a good assessment of what learning preference the individual has. The questions are straightforward, it asks about a specific event or situation and the choices are related to the questions and can be an accurate answer to the question whichever the individual chooses it to be. The directions however are not very clear, in the online version, the instruction is to encircle the letters beside the choices, but there was no letters to encircle instead it was an online program that is to be clicked on by the test taker. This may provide confusion to those who may have to use the print version of the questionnaire. The results are immediately processed after the individual hits complete and it can be saved in the website for later use and for the use of the authors to gather as many respondents as they can to validate the questionnaire. The items in the questionnaire can be easily read and understood, there are no jargon or complex words and it makes use of situational events that makes answering the questions more believable and comfortable for the respondents. However, a problem may still arise when the taker is not well versed with English or those who have different cultural backgrounds which limit their knowledge of the different situations presented in the questionnaire. The questions also do not have double meanings or measures two things in one question; instead it places the taker in a certain context and is then asked to respond using the four choices. There are no negatively stated items which are therefore more psychometrically easier to collate and analyze as there are no reverse scores. The structure of the VARK questionnaire is just average, the questions are different from each other, and the choices follow a certain order that reflects the four different learning preferences. Although, these are easier to score and to determine which learning preference the taker uses in the different situations that are being presented in the questionnaire the obvious arrangement of the items and the choices may bias the taker or lead his/her answer to the most favorable one. The demographic data is then surveyed after the taker finishes with the main questionnaire and the results are presented instantly, since the questionnaire is online, the individual is somewhat rewarded with his/her score and has the option to volunteer the information needed for the research part of the questionnaire or not. However, some takers may not take too well with volunteering personal information and may opt not to complete the demographic questions which would be a setback for the authors as it would mean a lesser number of respondents to be used to validate the instrument. This is in keeping with the ethical guidelines of using human respondents in the conduct of surveys and questionnaires for research or other purposes. The online survey is also administered in the same way each time since it is in electronic form and is online and has been programmed to interact with the respondent in the same way each time. However, what the authors has to risk is the varied situations that the respondent comes across the questionnaire, others may be in a crowded cafà © with too much noise and distractions, others may also not read the questionnaire very well and just click on the circles while others may choose not to complete the survey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, the VARK questionnaire has been designed excellently, this could be due to the fact that the questionnaire has undergone a number of revisions and upgrades and that the questionnaire had been first published in 2001. The responses to the VARK had provided the author with the information on how to improve the questionnaire and to improve its reliability and validity. Therefore we could say that with time and scientific tools, the VARK is a good example of a well designed and effective questionnaire despite its weaknesses which may be again improved as time wears on. Reference Fleming, N. (2007). VARK Questionnaire, Retrieved November 10, 2007 from http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=questionnaire

Roman City Planning Essay -- Rome History Roman Historical Essays

Roman City Planning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The design and structure of a city is as important as the people who dwell within her walls. The placement of streets and the structures built there are carefully plotted for optimal use. Foot and cart traffic, fire hazard, and access to water were all key factors in city planning. Eventually the Romans had fine tuned their design principals in such an advantageous way that they molded all of their city states similarly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rome developed from the combination of small farming communities around a hilltop fortification. The city, which was founded before regularized city planning, consisted of a confusing maze of crooked and gnarled streets. The focal point of which was the city’s forum, the main meeting place and site of the many religious and civic buildings such as the Senate house, records office, and basilica. (Rich, 20) Augustan Rome, with a population estimated at between 700,000 and one million, was the only megalopolis in the West. Rome’s street plan, which at its greatest extent had 85 km of road, was an irregular maze. Most streets were footpaths or could accommodate only one cart at a time. The central city had only two viea (streets on which two carts could pass each other), on opposing sides of the main forum. (Nicholas, 6) A law passed under Julius Caesar, which was still in force well after his death, stated that carriages were forbidden to use these streets by day, since it was found that there was not room in them both for wheeled vehicles and pedestrians. Public streets would be decorated with marble and stone, some houses, as they decayed, have revealed alleyways and passages that existed before reconstruction. (Bowra, 34) Main streets were often designed carefully to accentuate the housing and monuments that would appear on any given street. Side streets would often be no more than passages, with flights of steps, and sometimes scarcely broad enough for two people to pass in comfort. Many streets were colonnaded; a Roman technique intended to bring shape to shadow and direct light through the streets. Earlier centuries used the stoa, or free-standing portico, to give effects of light and shade to their constructions. It is suggested that the colonnaded street developed out of the stoa; and partly also, perhaps, out of the thrifty use of available space, with the upper stories of houses jutting forw... ...ordinated plan of the city. The main streets led directly from the center of town to the gates, and the pomerial road ran around the city immediately inside the walls. (owens, 150) Rome was a living organism constantly changing and evolving as all cities do. However, the design and structure of Rome was born out of knotted roots. The placement of streets and the structures grew from dirt roads to paved passage ways meant to convey movement and beauty. Key factors in city planning revolved around the citizens and their needs. The Roman design principals forged a template by which all of their city states were similarly molded. Works Cited Bowra, Maurice Et. Al. Golden Ages of the Great Cities. London, England: Thames and Hudson, 1951. Morris, AE. History of Urban Form. London, England: George Godwin LTD, 1972 Nicholas, David. The Growth of Medieval City: From late Antiquity to Early Fourteenth Century. New York, NY: Longman Publishing, 1997. Owens, E. J. The City in the Greek and Roman World. London, England: Routledge Publishing, 1991. Rich, John & Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew. City and the Country in the Ancient World. London, England: Routledge Publishing, 1991.

4 Day Work Week

English 112 Monday 12/06/10 Proposal: Four Day Work Week I propose that we implement a four day work week over the conventional five day work week. 1938 was the year that the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed. This act stated that there was a need for a standardized work week, and that the new standard work week was to be eight hour days, five days a week. There need for this act stemmed from employers taking advantage of their employees and working them to many hours a day and to many days a week.The basis for the eight hour work day was really on nothing other than an idea that a twenty four hour day divided into three assumed eight hour segments sounded logical. One eight hour segment was for sleep, the second for work, and the third for recreational time. As for the idea of working five day work weeks with a two day weekend, who knows? There are a lot of reasons for switching to 4 day work week. All of these reasons promote the better well-being of the government and economy, t he businesses involved, and the individuals themselves. There would be less traffic on the roads.You could assume that with a third day off that more people would opt to stay home that day, or that if people went out it would not be in rush hour traffic at least. With less traffic, the pollutants that cars emit into the air would be lessened, which is also good for keeping tree hugging hippies off our backs. The fewer cars driving throughout the week would also help keep down the amount of road work that would need to be done. Paying for the labor, materials, and equipment necessary to maintain roadways is very expensive, and quite a lot of money could be saved if there were fewer cars out terrorizing road surfaces.With less traffic and fewer people driving throughout the week it is predicted that the number of auto accidents would decrease. This would inevitably lower insurance rates, both auto and medical, which would be more money in your pocket. Probably the most important and m onetarily valuable reason, as far as cars and travel are concerned, is the money that would be saved on oil and fuel consumption. Not just for individuals but for the American economy also as calculated: There are about 133 million workers in America. Around 80% of them get to work by driving alone in a car. The average commute covers about 16 miles each way.So let’s stop and do some math: 133,000,000 workers X 80% who drive alone = 106,400,000 single driver commuter cars each day. 106,400,000 X 32 miles round trip = 3,404,800,000 miles driven to work each day 3,404,800,000 / 21 mpg (average fuel efficiency) = 162,133,333 gallons of gasoline each day Each barrel of crude oil produces, on average, 19. 5 gallons of gas. (It is important to note that other products like kerosene and asphalt are produced from that same barrel) 162,133,333 / 19. 5 = 8,314,530 barrels of oil each day. What this shows is the impact a 4 day work week could have on crude oil imports.I’m talking about a 40% reduction in the amount of oil we need Monday through Friday simply by rearranging our work week (Newton, para. 2). The implementation of the four day work week would also have some healthy side effects in the workplace. Less people would take off work. By having a 4 day work week it could mean less absenteeism. The long weekend could mean less faux sick days on Mondays, it can also mean an extra day of rest if an employee is in fact falling ill. The overall pros for a 4 day work week reflect lower turnover, and a happier, less stressed work force (Magas, para. , 8). With a three day weekend you would have almost an equal amount of days off as spent at work. With such a system in place, people would be much happier. It would be better for the individuals as this would lower stress from their jobs, and better for the companies because content workers are better for business. An individual who is happier will be more productive at work. â€Å"As a result of the alternati ve schedule, researchers found that 60 percent of employees reported higher productivity, and 60 percent of residents reported improved citizen access. In terms of employee morale, there seems to be a very strong benefit,’ Facer said† (Peterson, para. 2). This would also lower employee turnover rate. People who are happy with their jobs do not quit them. These companies would not only make more money because of the increased productivity from happier employees, but from the money that would be saved not having to pay for cost of operation for five days. If businesses were only open four days a week then that would be one day that the lights, heat, and computers would not have to be turned on. The money made, and saved, by these businesses could e put back into the companies to help keep employees even happier. Some of the things they could provide with said money are better benefits, such as retirement plans and health insurance, more comfortable work environment, or ev en have things like at work childcare like some of the Japanese have done. Christopher Byron states in Time Magazine, â€Å"Though the way Japan manages its affairs is, in many respects, the unique outgrowth of the country’s historical experience, certain of its lessons can be applied in industrial economies everywhere, and particularly in the U.S† (para. 58). For companies needing to be open six or seven days a week they could have an overlapping schedule. An example of this would be Joe working Monday through Thursday, Sally working Wednesday through Saturday, and Eduardo Philippe Jr. working Friday through Monday. This overlapping schedule would allow for businesses to remain open up to seven days a week if needed while still allowing a four day work week for employees. Other business that do not follow the standard â€Å"nine to five† work week such as restaurants, would continue to run as they normally do.With a three day weekend, people would have more per sonal time. This time could be used to run errands that could not normally be done due to being at work. They could use this time to spend with their families. Keeping their kids out of daycare for that day they are not working could save them money. If they disliked their offspring, they could use a probably well-deserved break from the little terrorists. This time could be spent doing chores around the house, or just lounging around getting fat. In 2008 Utah implemented a four day work week for eight-teen thousand of its employees.They saw an increase in employee happiness as well as productivity as noted in Inc. : Two years ago, the state of Utah ordered 18,000 of its state employees to work four days a week, 10 hours a day, and to take Fridays off. More than three-quarters of employees reported a positive experience a year into this ‘4/10' program, according to a study by Brigham Young University management professors Rex Facer and Lori Wadsworth. They observed fewer sick days, reduced overtime costs, and savings on energy bills. Employees experienced fewer conflicts between work and family commitments, so their morale shot up.And they knew they only had four days instead of five to get their work done, so they became more productive (Vanden Bos, para. 1). We too could have this four day work week implemented. The first thing to do if you think this could be beneficial to your company is to see if your co-workers are on board with the idea. If so then the next step might be to see how this would align with your customers’ needs. Then you could devise a plan that would explain the benefits and drawbacks of implementing a four day work week, as to answer any potential questions your boss might have.You could write congress. Enough interest shown in changing the arbitrary standard work week could turn the heads of the government that makes these decisions. The last reason, which I saved for the end, even though out of place, is that a four day wo rk week would be badass. Who doesn’t want to have a three day weekend? I think Americans are tired of running themselves ragged every week just to get two days to recover in this flawed system. I say we implement the four day work week so that we can quit living to work, and start working to live. Works Cited Byron, Christopher. How Japan Does It. † Time Magazine. 30 Mar. 1981. Web. 2 Dec. 2010. Magas, Glenn. â€Å"Pros and cons of the four day workweek. † Helium. 2010. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. < http://www. helium. com/items/1676495-pros-and-cons-of-the-four-day-workweek> Newton, Aaron. â€Å"The 4 Day Work Week. † GroovyGreen. 20 Sep. 2007. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. Peterson, Janice. â€Å"Study finds four day work week optimal. † DailyHerald. 9 Jun. 2008. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. Vanden Bos, Peter. â€Å"How To Implement A Four-Day Work Week. † Inc. 7 Apr. 2010. Web. 3 Dec. 2010.

Code of Ethics Paper Essay

According to Cancer Treatment Center of America (2013), since 1988, Cancer Treatment Centers of America ® (CTCA) has been helping patients win the fight against cancer using advanced technology and a personalized approach (About Us). Each hospital provides state-of-the-art cancer treatment by a dedicated team of oncologists, surgeons and other health experts. They offer a welcoming environment, where patients and their family members can find comprehensive cancer care under one roof. The vision of the CTCA is to be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope. The organizational goals of the CTCA are to benefit the patient by providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person, improve quality of life and restore hope. Organizational goals According to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (2013), â€Å"You and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions, every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit† (Cancer Experts Who Care). Organizational goals that are within the Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) are to provide patient care with, compassionate, appropriate and effective to assess and treatment be honest. Make informed decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preference, documented scientific evidence and clinical judgment. To create and sustain therapeutic and ethically sound relationships with patients and with these goals and objectives are designed to provide advanced training in the assessment and cancer treatment. An objective of the CTCA is to increase the participation of institutions serving racial/ethnic and/or underserved communities with cancer health disparities in the nation’s cancer research and training enterprise. Also, to develop more effective research, outreach, and education programs that will have an impact on ethnic minority and the  underserved populations. Corporation’s Ethical Values The roles of the company are making sure their patients come first, their main focus is not about fighting cancer, and it’s about making sure their patients are comfortable throughout treatment. The cancer treatment statistics and results of CTCA demonstrate their constant efforts to make a difference when it comes to quality of their patients. Each of their hospital provides state of the art treatment with a dedicated team which is oncologists, surgeons and other health experts. Their mission is to keep search for a cure and to continue to keep their patients in good spirits, they do not give up until they have answers. CTCA is accredited by The Joint Commission (formerly Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO) with Full Standards Compliance. This accreditation decision is awarded to a healthcare organization that demonstrates satisfactory compliance with applicable Joint Commission standards in all performance areas. The Cancer Center of America knows that cancer patients want their treatment to incorporate the needs of the whole person—physically, emotionally and spiritually. We know they value greatly a multidisciplinary care team that will be responsive to their personal needs throughout treatment. Organization’s Culture and Ethical Decision-Making The Cancer Treatment Center of America organization believes there is more than one way to beat cancer. There are so many people diagnosed with cancer and do not know which way to turn, confused, and angry. The cultural of the organizations is friendly, compassionate, and they treat each patient that comes into the center and gives them all the support that they need. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you feel welcome from the first day you arrive. Coming to the center, treated with respect and the moral decisions made by you they are behind you a hundred percent. The center is a place that never gives up on trying making a person feel better about their self. The Cancer Treatment Center of America has a vision, and that statement says â€Å"To be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope† (Cancer  Centers of America, 2013). Not only does the center treat individuals that have cancer, but they also educate those who are not aware of what cancer is. It is a center for learning as well. No patient is turned down when they come to the center. According to Cancer Treatment Center of America (2013), â€Å"You and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit. We offer clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. We honor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to share your journey of healing and hope† (Our Promise). Organization’s Ethical Values vs. Individual’s Ethical Values It is important that an organization such as Cancer of America ethical support an individual’s ethical value because of several reasons. If an employee’s ethical value does not coincide with the organizations ethical value it can cause increased stress levels while performing their daily duties. In addition, conflicts can arise due to an individual’s personal ethical values, which can cause stress and eventually lead to work place anger and hostility. Furthermore, dissatisfied employees in regards to organizational value could inadvertently or purposely sabotage the company. For example, an organization’s ethical value gives the patient’s family the authority to decide for the patient since the patient is on life support. The patient’s family member decides not to terminate the patient’s life support because the patient’s family depends on the patient’s social security funds. Your individual personal values do not agree with this because the patient is ventilator dependent, non-responsive to treatment, lacks neurological function and is terminally ill. With this case your ethical values are being affected. Values are the principles that everyone uses to define what is right, good, and just to them. Values provide guidance as it determines the proper thing to do versus what is incorrect. They are our standards, which is the reason why the organizational value should match an individual’s values. Social Responsibility The founder of Cancer Centers of America or CTCA Cancer Treatment Center of  America, Richard J. Stephenson, definitely felt he had a social responsibility for all those in need of care. He felt as if there was not enough compassion, attention and nurturing, to those that were going through physical and emotional changes. Because his mother passed away due to cancer, he felt that it was needed to introduce an all-around care facility that provided surgery, chemotherapy, nutrition, mind-body medicine, and spiritual support (Cancer Center of America). Through their website, they host a community Question’s and Answer’s online that is answered by doctors and clinical experts about questions that you have related to cancer. They also have an 800 number that you can call with your questions related to your cancer, location information and their services. On their website there are cancer survivors stories that you can read/watch that go into full detail about their experience at the facilities. I believe that when you share your vision of making something or someone better, your mission as how you will get there and making a promise to utilize all your resources to try, simply try, on making someone else’s life a little bit better, that is responsibility in itself. CTCA offers clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, all based on your needs. They honor your courage, respect your decisions, and offer to share your journey of healing and hope. The Mission of Cancer Treatment Centers of America ® is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. We never stop searching for and providing powerful and innovative therapies to heal the whole person improve quality of life and restore hope. The vision at the CTCA is to be recognized and trusted by people living with cancer as the premier center for healing and hope. Lastly, they promise you and your healing are at the center of our hearts, minds and actions every day. We rally our team around you, delivering compassionate, integrative cancer care for your body, mind and spirit (Cancer Center of America). Conclusion The Cancer Treatment Centers of America is the home of integrative and compassionate cancer care. Their goal is to serve cancer patients with the best care possible, the most advanced technology, the most recent studies, and the most nurturing staff. At CTCA they believe there is not one way to beat cancer – there are hundreds. According to Garrett, Baillie, and  McGeehan (2010), the health care professional is obliged to protect patients from harm as much as is possible (Chapter 12). The teams of cancer experts include oncologists, surgeons and other clinicians who meet regularly to discuss the progress of each patient’s treatment. The ethical decisions that each member of the medical staff make are in the absolute best interest of the cancer patients and their treatment. The Cancer Treatment Center treats all types of cancer, and makes you feel welcome from the first day you arrive. They offer clear information, powerful and thorough treatment options, based on patient’s needs, as they are at the center of the hearts, minds, and every day actions of the dedicated staff (Cancer Treatment Center of America, 2013). References Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cancercenter.com/about-us/ Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cancercenter.com/patient-experience/your-treatment/cancer-experts Garrett, T.M., Baillie, H.W., & McGeehan, J.F. (2010). Health Care Ethics (5th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Them Ther is Fighin Words

Them Ther is Fighin Words Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Nigger†. It’s the first word that appears on Barry Noreen’s Gazette article, Use Fighting Words, and You Should Expect a Fight, but instead, it’s written as n-. The word is â€Å"such a distasteful racist epithet, The Gazette doesn’t want it to appear† (Noreen, para.2). The article covers a local story about four boys in Monument’s own Creekside Middle School. It’s explained that three young Caucasian boys approached an African-American boy and began taunting and racially harassing him by chanting KKK, â€Å"Nigger†, and waving a hood in front of his face. This African-American boy in response to being disgraced fought back and managed to get one of his white classmates in a headlock. The tussle was broken up, but was followed with harassment charges against only two of the instigators and a misdemeanor assault charge against the young black child. That’s right; a misdemeanor charge was put on the African-Ame rican boy defending his pride after being rudely attacked by his white classmates. The entire situation, regardless of whether or not the behavior was wrong, can be broken down by the sociological perspective and analyzed into different parts of culture, socialization, group interaction and different forms of social control, maybe then the boys’ actions can be better understood. To start off, including the word â€Å"Nigger† in this paper, to most people, breaks common acceptable folkways and obliges proscriptive norms. Norms are the â€Å"rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members†, proscriptive norms are those not to be done while prescriptive norms tell what should be done. Using that particular word is a proscriptive norm, it should not be done. Similarly, folkways are â€Å"norms for routine or casual interaction† (Macionis, p.72). Norms and folkways are created by society to regulate, guide, and control everyday interactions not only between people, but between societies and nations. They can be seen in a variety of ways; clothing, hand or body movements, facial expressions and of course language. Language is a very powerful means of social control because almost every word has a considerable symbolic meaning that expresses or evokes an emotion. The word â€Å"Nigger† is simply considered a rude racial slur intended to offend someone. The easiest way to control someone is to make them feel inferior and demoralized, which is what racially offensive words are intended to do. Noreen states in his article that â€Å"[in] the real world, if you utter fighting words you should be prepared for what comes next, because it might just be a punch† (Noreen, para.12). In a utopian world the African-American child would’ve just walked away, but in today’s light, when you’ve been offended you defend yourself. The reason the word is even considered offensive is because of the socialization process, which includes the way a child is taught how to perceive him/herself. Noreen reports that the mother of the African-American child â€Å"told police she was proud of how he stood up for himself† (Noreen, para.8). From this statement, it’s made obvious that the black child was brought up in a household that embraces their race and understands racial judgments to be offensive. The child identifies and knows himself as an African-American, and when he was harassed because of it he was under attack, not just his race, which is why he fought back. As for the white children, they too understand themselves to be of a certain race and bonded into a peer group because of it. A peer group is known as â€Å"a social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common† (Macionis, p. 129-130). People involved in a peer group tend to view their own group as dominant and put down other group; which explains why the group of white boys attacked the black boy, he was considered a different peer group and seen as inferior. The white boys had been, at one time, socialized to view African-Americans as below themselves and deemed in necessary to act upon it. Of equal importance influencing behavior and social norms is the Criminal Justice System, laws, and the government. Society’s government has deemed certain punishments for specific behaviors. The young black child was charged with assault because he had in fact physically attacked his white classmate. The white children were also punished, not only with school suspension, but also harassment charges for instigating the situation. The government maintains control by enforcing these punishments although the punishments and intensity of the crime are culturally and nationally based. Most local people agree, however, that the African-American boy did no wrong because he was defending himself and should be released of his charges. Unfortunately the charges will be carried out by the District Attorney’s Office as planned as a way of establishing and maintaining that violence will not be accepted in school settings. The entire situation was not only uncalled for, but it also deteriorated quickly, becoming more than the boys probably originally expected. And although the boys from Creekside Middle School, home of the courageously respectful cougars, have reasonable behaviors according to the sociological analysis, their behaviors violated acceptable norms and abused means of social control. Noreen, Barry. Use Fighting Words and You Should Expect a Fight. Gazette.com. March 15, 2008. March 15, 2008.www.gazette.com/articles/black_34256_article.html/boys_fighting.html Macionis, John J. Sociology, Eleventh Edition. Pearson Education, 2007. New Jersey. Research Papers on "Them Ther is Fighin Words"Hip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBringing Democracy to AfricaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Imperfect Subjunctive Verbs in Spanish

Imperfect Subjunctive Verbs in Spanish The imperfect subjunctive of Spanish is the simple past form of the subjunctive mood, the one used to refer to events or hypothesized events relating to the past (although it sometimes refers to the present). Although the equivalent verb form is rare in English, the imperfect subjunctive is an essential part of Spanish grammar. Key Takeaways: Imperfect Subjunctive in Spanish The imperfect subjunctive is the simple form of the past subjunctive.The imperfect subjunctive is used most often in a dependent clause that begins with  que.It can also follow  si  (the word for if) when referring to a condition that is unlikely. Spanish has two forms of the imperfect subjunctive, the -ra form and the -se form. The -ra form will be used for examples throughout this lesson because it is by far more common in speech. How To Use the Imperfect Subjunctive Like the present subjunctive, the imperfect subjunctive is used most often in sentences of the following form: Subject (may be implied) indicative verb que subject (may be implied) subjunctive verb The subject and indicative verb form what is known as an independent clause; que and what follows form a dependent clause. The imperfect subjunctive is most common when the independent clause is in the preterite, imperfect or conditional tense. The imperfect subjunctive also is used sometimes following si (the word for if). This lesson assumes that you know when to use the subjunctive and how it is conjugated. Here are the major uses of the imperfect subjunctive: Following a Past-Tense Independent Clause This use of the imperfect is the most straightforward, because all verbs clearly refer to the past. Note, however, that English may use a would in translation because of the sometimes hypothetical nature of the Spanish subjunctive: El gobierno ordenà ³ que se hablaran con los terroristas. (The government ordered them to speak to the terrorists.)Me asombrà ³ que nadie me diera apoyo. (It amazed me that nobody gave me support.)Todos esperbamos que dijera algo ms, pero eso fue todo. (We all hoped he would say something more, but that was all.)No querà ­a que mis hijos me vieran. (I didnt want my children to see me.) ¿Tenà ­as miedo que te matara? (Were you afraid he would kill you?) Following a Conditional Independent Clause The imperfect subjunctive can refer to a present possibility when it follows a main clause in a conditional tense. Such sentences cannot be translated word for word into English and may require the use of if or would: Nos gustarà ­a que hubiera ms participacià ³n. (We would like it if there were more participation. Note the use of the English subjunctive were in the translation.)Me temerà ­a que mi amigo tomara la misma actitud. (Id be afraid my friend would take on the same attitude.)Estarà ­a feliz que me dieras su opinion. (I would be happy if you gave me your opinion.) After Expressions of Possibility The main verb of a sentence following a word or phrase meaning maybe can be either in the indicative or the subjunctive. Use of the subjunctive may indicate considerable doubt on the speakers behalf that the statement is true. Quiz quisieran conocer los detalles. (Perhaps they wanted to know the details.)Tal vez pensaran que mis padres eran ricos. (Maybe they thought my parents were rich.)Posiblemente no tuvieran otras alternativas. (Possibly they didnt have other alternatives.) To Indicate an Unlikely Condition As with the English past subjunctive following if, the Spanish imperfect subjunctive can be used following si to indicate something that the speaker believes is false or highly unlikely. An example would be a sentence starting out si yo fuera rico (if I were rich). When used this way, the subjunctive verb is typically followed by verb in the conditional tense, such as si yo fuera rico, comprarà ­a un coche (if I were rich, I would buy a car). Note that the condition expressed by the subjunctive verb refers to the present. Si yo comprara la otra consola, podrà ­a ahorrar la diferencia para comprar juegos. (If I bought the other console, I could save the difference for buying games. See how comprara and bought refer to the present even though they take the form of past tenses.)Si estuvieras aquà ­, te estrecharà ­a entre mis brazos. (If you were here, Id hold you tightly in my arms.)Si viviera en Aragà ³n, me gustarà ­a esquiar. If I lived in Aragà ³n, Id like to ski. If you need to refer to a past condition, you can use the imperfect subjunctive of haber with a past participle to form the pluperfect subjunctive: Si yo hubiera comprado la otra consola, habrà ­a ahorrado la diferencia para comprar juegos. If I had bought the other console, I would have saved the difference to buy games.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

Assignment Example Iron catalyses L-DOPA to generate a genuine free radical which forms covalent bonds. These compounds then make good means to bond antifouling polymers. 6. If you want to break the amide (peptide) bonds that marine life use to attach themselves to ship, one should put a minimum of hydrophobic coating on to minimize the adhesive strength of the bonds. This process is called amide hydrolysis. 8. Fluid Flow in most non-biological applications falls into non-biological applications fall into either the laminar flow region for gas phase flows or the turbulent region for liquid phase flows. For biological flows, one is often in the molecula flow regime. 11. 1 (a) Artificial Kidney: Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) which is a cross-linked hydrogel. It is not absorbed by the body, capable of withstanding heat sterilization without damage, has resistance to degradation and it contains water content similar to living tissue. (b) Blood Vessels: Nitinol, a shape memory alloys is used as an artificial blood vessel like coronary artery. The memory alloy has the capability of being deformed and going back to its original shape when pressure is released. The materials should be non-corrosive, have resistance to blood platelet, be durable and non-toxic. (c) Contact Lenses: Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) is also used in the production of contact lenses. It is selected since it can be organized into any shape or form; it can withstand degradation and can’t be absorbed by the body. (d) Artificial Heart: Polyethylene terephthalate (Knitted Dacron) and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as vascular graft are in common use for creation of artificial heart components. Materials should exhibit resistance to platelet and blood clotting, it should have biomechanical strength and durability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. (e) Hip & Knee replacement: Materials used for hip & knee replacement are metallic biomaterials divided into 3 groups